Igihe cyose umuntu agize icyo yikeka yumva ko ashobora kuba yaranduye virusi itera SIDA (HIV) biba byiza kwihutira kwipimisha kugira ngo amenye uko ahagaze, uretse ko hari bimwe mu bimenyetso ushobora kwibonaho mu gihe haba hari aho wahuriye n’inzira umuntu yanduriramo virusi itera SIDA (gusangira inshinge cyangwa inzembe ndetse n’ibindi bikoresho bikomeretsa, gukora imibonano mpuzabitsina idakingiye n’ubundi buryo bunyuranye), ukaba wamenya ko amaraso yawe yinjiriwe dore ko hatangwa inama ko biba byiza kwicara umuntu azi uko ahagaze, yaba yaragize ibyago byo kwandura agatangira imiti igabanya ubukana bwa SIDA hakiri kare ndetse akanamenya n’uko yitwara.
Bitewe n’icyicyiro runaka cy’ubwandu umuntu agezemo, ibimenyetso bya virusi itera SIDA yageze mu maraso bishobora gutandukana. Mu minsi yambere abantu benshi banduye bakunze kurwara ibicurane bidakira, iki kikaba ari kimwe mu bimenyetso utabasha gutandukanya n’indwara zisanzwe cyane ko ibicurane bikunze gufata abantu bitewe n’impamvu zinyuranye. Iki gihe bavuga ko umuntu ari mu cyiciro cya mbere “acute retroviral syndrome (ARS)”.
Muri iki cyiciro cya mbere umuntu wanduye virusi itera SIDA uretse kurwara ibicurane bya hato na hato, ashobora kuribwa umutwe, kugira umuriro, gucika intege, kuzana utubyimba cyane cyane ku ijosi, kuzana uduheri, kuribwa mu ngingo nta mpamvu, kubabara mu muhogo bya hato na hato, kuzana utubyimba mu kanwa, ndetse hari n’abagira icyokere cyane ninjoro ndetse akituma impiswi za hato na hato zitagira ikizitera.
Ibi bimenyetso bitangira kugaragara nyuma y’ukwezi kumwe n’amezi abiri umuntu amaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA. Ibiro by’Abanyamerika bitanga serivisi z’ubuzima “Health and Human Services” bikaba bitangaza ko bishoboka ko ibi bimenyetso bishobora no kubanguka mu gihe kingana n’ibyumweru bibiri, byatinda bikaba amezi atatu nyuma yo kwandura. Mu mwaka wa 2012 ibi biro batangaje ko hari bamwe mu bantu batinda kugaragaza ibimenyetso nyuma y’uko banduye.
Ibi bimenyetso bya mbere bya virusi itera SIDA bikurikirwa n’icyiciro kiba kihishe ari cyo cya kabiri, hano ngo virusi iguma mu mubiri mu gihe cy’imyaka myinshi , birashoboka ko umuntu yaba abana na virusi itera SIDA mu gihe kirenze imyaka icumi nta kimenyetso aragaragaza, gusa nyuma y’uko ageze ku cyiciro cya SIDA, ariko ibimenyetso birimo iseseme, kuruka, umunaniro ndetse no kugira umuriro bishobora guhita byigaragaza.
Ikindi cyiciro twakwita icya gatatu, ni uruhurirana rw’ibimenyetso byinshi by’ibigugu byigaragaza kiswe “Opportunistic infections” ari nabyo byitwa ibyuririzi.
Hano virusi itera SIDA yibasira bikomeye abasirikare b’umubiri w’umuntu wamaze kwandura, kandi bamwe batajya bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’agakoko gatera SIDA mbere birangira babigaragaje batangira kurwaragurika mu gihe baba bajya mu cyiciro cya SIDA kuko baba batarabimenye mbere ngo batangire biyiteho hakiri kare ndetse batangire n’imiti igabanya ubukana bwa virusi itera SIDA ku gihe.
Igihe cyose umuntu agize biriya bimenyetso byatangajwe hejuru si ngombwa ko yahita yumva ko byarangiye yamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA, kuko bishobora no kuba ibimenyetso by’ubundi burwayi.
Iyo umuntu yamaze kwandura virusi itera SIDA igihe cyose yakwanduza n’iyo yaba nta bimenyetso?
Nyuma yo kwandura virusi itera SIDA, uturemangingo two mu maraso natwo tuba dufite iyi virusi, ibi rero bikaba bisobanuye ko kuba wakwanduza bishoboka cyane.
U Rwanda kimwe n’Isi yose bihaye intego y’uko mu mwaka wa 2020, nibura 90% by’abayituye bazaba bipimishije virusi itera SIDA, 90% by’abafite ubwandu bwa virusi itera Sida bafata imiti, mu gihe 90% bazagabanya ubwinshi bwa virus itera SIDA mu mubiri wabo.
